Destalinisation definition by babylons free dictionary. News aggregator, online platform or software device that collects news stories. The britannica guide to russia encyclopedia britannica on. Intelligence russia and the soviet union britannica. Rumours of a coup against gorbachev were rife in moscow throughout the spring and summer of 1991. For the sake of stability, tsarism insisted on rigid autocracy that effectively shut out the population from participation in government. Mikhail gorbachev was at his dacha in the crimean resort of foros when he was contacted by four men requesting an audience. Reports on two phases of the russian industrial revolutionthe development of heavy industry and the attempts to collectivize the farmland. From the time of lenin until the dissolution of the ussr in the early 1990s, both science and technology were intimately linked to the ideology and practical functioning of the soviet state, and were pursued along paths both similar and distinct from models in other. The soviet union was a oneparty state, governed by the communist party with moscow as its. One of the least biased and most balanced accounts of the soviet union one can find, this author traveled throughout the country interviewing soviet citizens on various questions. Germany became a battleground as the allies closed in from east and west. Invasion of soviet union history bibliographies in harvard style.
An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia british english is a reference work or compendium. The point of divergence is the german army managing to sorround moscow with much of the soviet political structure being murdred. Collapse of the soviet union encyclopedia britannica. Since the fall of the soviet union in 1989, russia has undergone a radical change from a communist country to a hyper capitalist market of vast wealth and resources. The main article for this category is soviet union see also. Soviet soldiers fighting in the ruins of stalingrad, 1942, the bloodiest battle in human history and a major turning point in world war ii. Throughout the 1970s and 80s, the soviet union ranked as one of the worlds top producers of energy resources such as oil and natural gas, and exports of those commodities played a vital role in shoring up the worlds largest command economy. The soviet union is traditionally considered to be the successor of the russian empire. It was a union of 14 soviet socialist republics and one soviet federative socialist republic russia. Soviet, council that was the primary unit of government in the union of soviet socialist republics and that officially performed both legislative and executive functions at the allunion, republic, province, city, district, and village levels. Press release religious text report software website 2.
Russian soviet cossack cavalry command 28mm copplestone. It was the first country to declare itself socialist and build towards a communist society. Other european settlers went to the colonies, mostly from england and. Encyclopaedia article about encyclopaedia by the free. The economic stagnation of the late brezhnev era was the result of various factors. Soviet union, in full union of soviet socialist republics u.
Unlike commercial online encyclopedias such as encyclop. This integration of foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, and internal security roles in a single agency. Considers how the industrial plan affects all phases of. Between the world wars timeline timetoast timelines. These are the sources and citations used to research invasion of soviet union. Soviet union mathematics from uncyclopedia, the contentfree encyclopedia. Ukraine economy britannica encyclopedia britannica. Sometime in the middle of the 19th century, russia entered a phase of internal crisis that in 1917 would culminate in revolution. The history of the united states is what happened in the past in the united states, a country in north america native americans lived in the americas for thousands of years. This timeline is an alternate history about a weakness soviet union, and with it, a different 20th century. Soviet challenge the industrial revolution in russia. Samizdat, from russian sam, self, and izdatelstvo, publishing, literature secretly written, copied, and circulated in the former soviet union and usually critical of practices of the soviet government.
The majority of the population, however, was made up of east slavs russians, ukrainians, and belorussians. The soviet union had the highest literacy rate in the world because they made education free and for everybody under communism beccause without money all go to college, this way the soviet union managed to make school compulsory and teach them science, propaganda for the soviet union, math, more propaganda, humanites, propaganda, lunch. During the period of its existence, the union of soviet socialist republics was by area the worlds largest country. Encyclopaedia britannica international was a division of encyclopaedia britannica, inc. Its causes were not so much economic or social as political and cultural. The soviet state was founded in the fall of 1917 and celebrated its tenth anniversary on november 7, 1927. While receiving a smaller share 16 percent in the 1980s of the soviet union s investment funds and producing a greater proportion of goods with a lower set price, ukraine was able to produce a larger share of total output in the industrial 17 percent and. Join britannicas publishing partner program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work. Until the soviet union s dissolution in the early 1990s, the kgb resembled a combination of the american cia, fbi, and secret service the agency charged with protecting the president and vice president and their families. Jump to navigation jump to search in soviet mathematics, x, y, and z solve for u russian reversal on soviet union mathematics in soviet mathematics, the soviet union of two sets is similar to the mathematical union of two sets. The bolshevik regime, led by lenin, came to power in the russian revolution 1917. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login.
The first edition of the encyclopaedia britannica was published in three volumes 176871. Germanys defeat at stalingrad now volgograd, in the soviet union, in february 1943 marked the turning point of the war. Its present form of a union of soviet socialist republics was inaugurated in. At the fifth allrussian congress of soviets, in 1918, a constitution was drawn up that established the soviet as the formal unit of local and regional government and affirmed the allrussian congress of soviets as the highest body of the state. Science and technology in the soviet union wikipedia.
History of the united states simple english wikipedia. Soviet union uncyclopedia, the contentfree encyclopedia. A weekly send of amazingly weird facts and stories. The republics of the former soviet union and the other eastern european. John tiller software squad battles winter war population exchange between poland and soviet ukraine. The last russian tsar, nicholas ii, ruled until march 1917 and was executed with his family the following year. I have lived to see ronald reagan called a useful idiot for kremlin propaganda by his former idolators. A union of multiple subnational soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. Onto this scene entered a host of socialist projects to wire the national economy with networks, among them the first proposal anywhere in the world to create a national computer network for civilians. The britannica guide to russia paperback april 14, 2009. They also created and spread the aids virus which they created for the destruction of homosexuals. Carrs history of the bolshevik revolution offers an excellent multivolume set that tells that story through the 1920s.
The history of computing in the soviet union began during the late 1940s, when the country began to develop mesm at the kiev institute of electrotechnology in feofaniya. It was also one of the most diverse, with more than 100 distinct nationalities living within its borders. It had to happen, but as we race to leave print behind, we should remember what were losing as well. The soviet union short for the union of soviet socialist republics or ussr was a singleparty marxistleninist state. In the soviet union, the sovetskaia entsiklopediia publishing house is the leader in its. Initial ideological opposition to cybernetics in the soviet union in general was overcome during the khrushchev era, and computer production was officially encouraged. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories.
The soviet union lost around 27 million people during the war, almost half of all world war ii casualties. Nominally a union of multiple national soviet republics, in practice its government and economy were highly centralized. An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia british english is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either from all branches or from a particular field or discipline. Offering a panoramic view of russia, and the history of the nation since 1917 as well as the culture, arts, and. It grew in size to 32 volumes and reputation over the years. All soviet leaders saw development of russian as a major goal, but those who were themselves russian lenin, trotsky, brezhnev pushed it more strongly than those who were ethnic stalin, aka josip vissiaronovich dzhugashvili, a georgian. Soviet union article about soviet union by the free. The invasion of poland, also known as the september campaign, or the 1939 defensive war in poland or wojna obronna 1939 roku, and alternatively the poland campaign or fall weiss in germany case white, was a joint invasion of poland by nazi germany, the free city of danzig, the soviet union, and a small slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of world war ii in. The flag of the united states during the american revolution. The soviet union formed on december 30, 1922 and, when dissolved on december 31, 1991, was the largest country in the world. Ukraines it sector employs close to 100,000 workers, including 50,000 software developers. Soviet union encyclopedia britannica formed in 1922, the soviet union was the worlds largest country, with its capital in the russian city of moscow. Long term effects costed soviet union billions of dollars of debt which severely weakened the soviet union.
This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on wednesday. Russia, as the histories of the two countries overlap. Histories of the soviet union marxists internet archive. Introduction before december of 1991, the soviet union lived under communism. The great soviet encyclopedia mentioned above was entirely state sponsored. Contributed to the fall of the soviet union afghanistan is brought to a state of civil unrest even today soviets authorities became questioned by its war in afghanistan 2001 people which weakened their empire. After the soviet unions leader nikita khrushchev denounced stalins personality cult in 1956, a sense of possibility swept the country. Or if you want to know what the various parliamentary leaders, both bourgeois and soviet, were thinking and doing in 1917 from a moderately leftist viewpoint read sukhanovs notes on the russian revolution. Soviet union mathematics uncyclopedia, the content. The union of soviet socialist republics abbreviated to ussr or shortened to the soviet union, was a marxistleninist state on the eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991.
Formed in 1922, the union of soviet socialist republicsthe u. Soviet union wwii 27 apr 2020 by soviet sapper engineer. Soviet union simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. They could conceive of no alternative to russian hegemony in the soviet union. Soviet union officially union of soviet socialist republics, ussr former federal republic, successor to the russian empire and the worlds first communist state. The allies drove the nazis out of africa, italy, and the soviet union. With such a large population and land mass filled with resources, the soviet union quickly rose to power. Wikimedia foundation and open source mediawiki software opened in 2001. The newspaper began publication on 5 may 1912 in the russian empire, but was already extant abroad in january 1911. Soviet union the attempted coup encyclopedia britannica. That the soviet union was disintegrating had been subtly apparent for some time, but the final act began at 4. Publication date 1962 topics soviet union, ussr, industry. Science and technology in the soviet union served as an important part of national politics, practices, and identity. In recent times the soviet union has used their sneaky companies such as walmart to invade western society.
Provides a documentary report on the political dilemma of polandsuspended between east and west and allied with the soviet union. This book also stands on the precipice of an epoch changing event. These are the sources and citations used to research fall of the soviet union. The soviet union was established in december 1922 as the union of the russian colloquially known as bolshevist russia, ukrainian, belarusian, and transcaucasian soviet republics ruled. History of computing in the soviet union wikipedia. The fall of the soviet union lindsay wynett olivia reed grace mcadory 2.
Later, the 1936 constitution provided for the direct election of a twochamber supreme sovietthe. English people in 1607 went to the place now called jamestown, virginia. Wikimedia commons has media related to soviet union. Initial ideological opposition to cybernetics in general was overcome during the khrushchev era, and computer production was officially encouraged. The military, the kgb, and conservative communists were alarmed at the turn of events. The reforms consisted of changing or removing key institutions that helped stalin hold power. Intelligence intelligence russia and the soviet union. When the soviet union broke apart in 1991, its former republics became 15 separate nations. The soviet union is known for having many contries join it, because its awesome. Definition of invasion of poland 1939 babylon software. They wanted strong central leadership in order to keep the soviet union communist and together. Ukraines modern economy was developed as an integral part of the larger economy of the soviet union.